3D VSEPR Theory

Count · arrange · rotate · explain

Mode

3D molecular-shape laboratory

Molecule

Visual layer

Bonded atoms X4

Lone pairs E0

Rotation speed1×

Drag the molecule to rotate it. Shift-drag empty space to pan. Tap atoms, bonds, lone pairs, or angles for an explanation.

VSEPR relationships

View and focus

Tap a part to explain its role.

Teacher molecule presets

Voice and language

Language

Narrator

Speaking speed

Narration volume100%

Embedded loudness-normalized narration can be captured by an external recorder using tab or system audio. No built-in recording controls are included.

Ready · 10 visual chapters.

Chapters

Learning objectives

Count bonding domains and central-atom lone pairs.
Determine steric number, electron geometry, and molecular shape.
Explain bond-angle compression using lone-pair repulsion.
Connect shape and symmetry to molecular polarity.

Key ideas

Electron domains arrange to minimize repulsion. Steric number equals bonded atoms plus lone pairs. Multiple bonds count as one domain.

Repulsion strength follows lone pair–lone pair, then lone pair–bond pair, then bond pair–bond pair. Molecular geometry names atom positions, not lone-pair positions.

Try these experiments

Compare CH₄, NH₃, and H₂O.
Rotate PCl₅ to identify axial and equatorial sites.
Turn lone pairs on in an octahedral arrangement.
Compare symmetric and polar molecules.
Generate a challenge and predict AXE notation.

Questions

Why do lone pairs compress angles? Why do multiple bonds count once? How can polar bonds form a nonpolar molecule?

Seven-question check

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Teacher whiteboard

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Text to place

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Ten independent pages. Works with touch, stylus, mouse, Android devices and interactive smart boards.