Receptor–Ligand Interactions

Observe molecular recognition, binding and cell signalling.

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Learning mode

Interaction stages

Molecular conditions

Ligand concentration20 nM
Receptor number40
Dissociation constant10 nM
Temperature37 °C
Inhibitor0%
Simulation speed1×

Live molecular data



Tap a ligand, receptor, membrane or signalling structure.
Receptor occupancy
Bound receptors
Cell response
Effective affinity

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Narrated signalling lesson

Chapters

Learning objectives

  • Explain molecular specificity between receptors and ligands.
  • Relate ligand concentration and affinity to receptor occupancy.
  • Compare membrane, ion-channel and intracellular receptors.
  • Trace binding into a cellular response.

Key concepts

  • Shape and chemical compatibility determine recognition.
  • Binding is reversible and dynamic.
  • Low dissociation constant means high affinity.
  • Receptors become saturated at high ligand concentration.
  • Antagonists reduce binding or prevent receptor activation.

Suggested experiments

  • Raise ligand concentration until occupancy stops increasing.
  • Increase the dissociation constant and observe weaker binding.
  • Add inhibitor while keeping ligand concentration unchanged.
  • Compare an ion channel with a slower nuclear receptor.

Seven-question challenge

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