Lysosome & Its Functions

Follow cargo from capture to digestion and recycling.

Choose a lysosomal function

Learning mode

Functional stages

Lysosomal conditions

Internal pH4.7
Hydrolase enzymes85%
V-ATPase proton pumps90%
Membrane fusion80%
Cargo load50%
Simulation speed1×

Live digestion data

Enzyme efficiency0%
Digested cargo0%
Recycled products0
Undigested load0%
Tap a structure for a microscopic view.

View

Zoom1×

Narrated lysosome lesson

Chapters

Learning objectives

  • Describe lysosomal membrane, acidic lumen and hydrolytic enzymes.
  • Trace endocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagy into lysosomal digestion.
  • Explain how V-ATPase pumps maintain low pH.
  • Relate enzyme failure to lysosomal storage disease.

Key concepts

  • Lysosomes digest proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids.
  • Acid hydrolases work best near pH 4.5–5.
  • Digestion products return to the cytoplasm for reuse.
  • Autophagy removes worn organelles and supports cell survival.

Suggested experiments

  • Raise pH toward neutral and observe digestion.
  • Reduce proton pumps and compare internal acidity.
  • Increase cargo load beyond enzyme capacity.
  • Simulate missing enzymes in storage disease.

Knowledge check

Score: 0 / 7