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Cell Compartments

Membranes, sorting and specialized reactions

Experiment

Mission: inspect the cell’s separated reaction spaces.

Simulation

Speed1.00×

Cell conditions

Vesicle traffic70%

Membrane selectivity85%

Lysosome aciditypH 5.0

ATP supply75%

Live measurements

0%correct delivery

0%reaction separation

0%lysosome activity

Nonefocused compartment

Tap an organelle to open its microscopic activity view.

Camera & tracking

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Interactive complete lecture

Language

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What to watch

Teacher transcript

Chapters

Learning objectives

Explain why membranes create specialized cellular environments.
Trace a secreted protein through ER, Golgi and transport vesicles.
Trace endocytosed cargo from endosome to lysosome.
Predict how membrane leaks, pH and ATP affect compartment function.

Key concept

Compartmentalization divides a eukaryotic cell into membrane-bound reaction spaces. Each space can maintain different enzymes, ions and pH. Selective transport connects the compartments while preventing incompatible reactions from mixing.

Try these experiments

Reduce membrane selectivity and watch the separation score fall.
Raise vesicle traffic and follow cargo delivery.
Move lysosome pH toward neutral and observe digestion slow.
Lower ATP and watch active sorting and transport lose efficiency.

Applications and misconceptions

Insulin and antibodies follow the ER-to-Golgi secretory route. Lysosomal storage disorders result when specific digestive functions fail. A compartment is not isolated completely: regulated pores, carriers and vesicles connect it to the rest of the cell.

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