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Isotope Notation
1 1
H
Stable
Hydrogen-1

A & Z Simulator

Mass Equation

1
Mass (A)
=
1
Protons (Z)
+
0
Neutrons
*Electrons have negligible mass and do not affect A.

Nucleus (Determines A & Z)

Protons (p⁺)
Neutrons (n⁰)

Orbitals (Determines Charge)

Electrons (e⁻)
Net Charge: 0

Simulation Engine

Learning Outcomes

  • Atomic Number (Z) = Number of Protons. It uniquely identifies the chemical element.
  • Mass Number (A) = Protons + Neutrons. These are the heavy particles in the nucleus.
  • Isotopes are atoms of the same element (same Z) but different mass (different A).
  • Experiment: Watch the Isotope Notation box. Add a neutron. Does the element symbol change? Add a proton. Now what happens?