3D Formal Charge Simulation

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3D formal-charge workbench

Molecule or ion

Selected atom

Select an atom to inspect its electron bookkeeping.

Valence electrons

Nonbonding electrons

Bond lines

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Formal-charge equations

Formal charge = valence electrons − nonbonding electrons − ½(bonding electrons)

Using a Lewis structure: formal charge = valence electrons − dots − bond lines

Sum of formal charges = overall species charge

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Green zero · Orange positive · Blue negative