3D Bonding & Antibonding Orbitals

Press Start Lesson to combine atomic orbitals and compare bonding with antibonding.

bond order = (bonding e− − antibonding e−) ÷ 2σ1s · bonding · 2 e− · bond order 1

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Orbital controls

Orbital interaction

Orbital typeCombination

phase +phase −

Internuclear distance1.00×

Total electrons2

bond order = (2 − 0) ÷ 2 = 1

Atomic orbitalsMolecular orbitalNodal planeElectron motion

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bond order = (Nb − Na) ÷ 2

Use the ten-page touch whiteboard for phase sketches, energy diagrams, electron filling, and uploaded orbital images.

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