3D Bond Length Simulation

Live values

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Learning mode

3D molecular ruler

Bond example

Choose a bond and compare its equilibrium distance.

Internuclear distance

Vibration amplitude

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Bond-length relationships

Bond length = equilibrium nucleus-to-nucleus distance

Morse energy: U(r) = D[1 − e^(−a(r − rₑ))]² − D

Force: F(r) = −dU/dr

Small vibration: U ≈ ½k(r − rₑ)²

Vibration frequency: ν = (1 ÷ 2π)√(k ÷ μ)

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Green potential · Orange current distance